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Reflections on an Ombuds Career: A Conversation with Thomas P. Zgambo

Thomas Zgambo retired from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) after seven and a half years, following a decade as an ombudsman at the World Bank. Previously, he served for six years as corporate ombudsman at Coca-Cola Enterprises and three years as ombudsman and training specialist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), where he was also a senior lecturer at the MIT Sloan School of Management, teaching negotiation and conflict management. Earlier in his career, he served as an ombudsman at Polaroid Corporation.

Thomas is a past president of The Ombudsman Association (TOA), now the International Ombuds Association (IOA). He has also served as a mediator with the Massachusetts Commission Against Discrimination (MCAD), handling cases involving disability, public accommodation, sexual harassment, and racial discrimination. His public service includes membership on the Human Rights Commission for the City of New Bedford and the Governor’s Advisory Council on African American Affairs for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.

Thomas holds a Ph.D. in analytical chemistry and materials science from the University of North Texas and an MBA in management of technology from Worcester Polytechnic Institute.

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Beyond the "Office of Options": The Modern Ombuds as Hardware for Mental Health & Governance

By, Jaspreet Ghag

Every Ombuds Day, we hear the affectionate shorthand: the ombuds is the "office of options." It is meant kindly, but I want to suggest, gently, that it sells us short. Worse, it sells short the people who walk through our doors.

An office of options sounds passive. It sounds like a menu. The reality I have seen — in workplaces, in institutions, in communities — is that people do not arrive at the ombuds looking for a menu. They arrive because something in the system has made them feel small, unheard, or unsafe, and they need a place where dignity is the default setting. That is not an options desk. That is governance hardware: load-bearing infrastructure for psychological safety.

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In Practice: Ombuds Dilemma #15 - Ombuds and Organizational Assessments

Dear In Practice,

In my role as an ombuds I have supported a variety of organizational assessments. I have conducted voluntary and anonymized climate feedback interviews, facilitated constituency-specific focus groups, and administered surveys where I was able to redact sensitive information.

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Two Years of In Practice: The Conversation Continues

It’s hard to believe that In Practice is celebrating its second anniversary! What began two years ago as a conversation among colleagues has grown into a lively forum for exploring the ethical dilemmas, questions, and challenges we encounter in our work as ombuds.

And what a response we’ve had. Our 14 published columns have collectively been viewed more than 30,000 times - a wonderful indication of the interest in these conversations and the value of learning from one another’s experiences. We’ve also been delighted to hear that In Practice continues to spark conversations in ombuds program staff meetings, mentoring sessions, graduate classrooms, and ombuds-related forums.

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The Business Case For Coaching - I Mean Ombuds

I recently read an article in Associations Now called Making the Business Case for Coaching. The article emphasizes the importance of starting with why—and making the business case for coaching by demonstrating its return on investment (ROI), even when that return is reflected through a ripple effect.

The author notes:  "When leaders become more self-aware, more effective, more empowered - their teams feel it.  The leaders make better decisions.  They communicate more clearly.  They retain high performers.  Productivity increases, turnout decreases. Goals are hit, egagement is nurtured and the organization builds a reputation for being a great place to work."

Of course, we know the same (and more) can be said about ombuds' impact.   When ombuds help individuals and organizations navigate challenges, the impact can extend far beyond the individual conversation. It can influence workplace culture, strengthen communication, support employee engagement, and contribute to healthier, more effective organizations.

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New Member Resource: Responding to the Spectrum of Threats Under the Litigation/Lawsuit Umbrella

Organizational Ombuds are increasingly being asked to disclose confidential information learned from a visitor in connection with litigation or other court proceedings. For ombuds who may not have legal training, navigating these requests can raise challenging questions about confidentiality, legal process, and how to respond.  

IOA has just developed a new resource designed to help members navigate situations in which a matter involving a current or former visitor becomes, or is threatened with becoming, part of a lawsuit or other legal proceeding.   Click here to view in CommUnity. 

 

Are you Ready for Ombuds Day 2026?

Please join us for this year's online program:


Options in Action: Where Mediation Meets the Ombuds World
on October 8, at 9am PT/12pm ET

Registration is Free

Ombuds and mediators share a foundational mission: helping individuals and organizations navigate conflict with dignity, autonomy, and respect. Rooted in shared values of confidentiality, fairness, and self-determination, both disciplines empower people to communicate across differences, bridge divides, and discover constructive paths forward. They also share many of the same skills and approaches.

This Ombuds Day program explores the natural overlap between two fields mediating interests between individuals, groups, and organizations. It will explore alignment in philosophy and practice between two fields dedicated to resolving human and institutional friction.



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Standards as Strategic Assets Guide

29 July, 2026

Over the past several weeks, I have spoken with many ombuds who feel misunderstood and, at times, under attack. Concerns about confidentiality have been especially prominent.

The ombuds role is both unique and frequently misunderstood. How ombuds operate—and why confidentiality is so essential to building trust and effectiveness—is not always well understood. Confidentiality is fundamental not only to supporting stakeholders, but also the organization.

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Protecting What We Have Built: Continuity Planning and the Long-Term Sustainability of Organizational Ombuds Offices

By, Elizabeth Hill
Director of Communications and Development at MWI

As organizational ombuds, we spend a lot of time helping others navigate uncertainty. We help people think through options, prepare for difficult conversations, consider unintended consequences, and find a path forward when things feel complicated.

Recently, I have been thinking about how we apply that same mindset to our own offices.

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More Common Ground Than We Think

By, Elizabeth Hill
Director of Communications and Development at MWI

I recently spent some time reading through a discussion within the ombuds community. Having spent nearly 15 years as an in-house organizational ombuds and now working alongside colleagues who provide contracted ombuds services, I read the discussion with appreciation for the concerns raised from multiple perspectives.

What struck me most wasn't the disagreement. It was the common ground.

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Research Participation Request: Effects of ICE on Your Organization

The following request for participation in her research efforts came from Michelle Kibby, PhD. She is the Faculty Ombuds at Southern Illinois University. Please reach out to her at [email protected] if you have any questions. 

Dr. Kibby would appreciate your participation in a brief survey. Its goals are to better understand the impact of ICE (US Immigration and Customs Enforcement) on our organizations and share ideas about what ombuds could do in response. Participation is voluntary. Data collection is anonymous, and results will be analyzed in aggregate. Your responses will provide beneficial information on how ICE is impacting organizations and help generate ideas regarding how we could address it, as she will seek to publish the results in an ombuds outlet, such as JIOA. She greatly values your perspective! Please forward her survey link to other ombuds so they can participate if interested.

Survey link: https://siucpsyc.co1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_7O1LRVTs7Cc1EGi

Research Participation Opportunity: Exploring Member Needs in Professional Associations

Ombuds Needed: Help contribute to and advance our field!

You are invited to participate in a research study that seeks to understand what members of a professional association want and need from their membership.

Eligibility: Current IOA members who have maintained that status for at least one year and are: age 18 or older, fluent in English, and able to access and use the videoconferencing platform, Zoom.

**IOA is not involved in the sponsorship, design, conduct, or review of this study, and IOA will not have access to participants’ identifiable information**

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2026 July IOA Ombuds Member Spotlight

Eliane Markoff
University Ombuds
Bentley University & Trinity College

What inspired you to pursue the role of an ombuds?

I was on the board of Wheelock College and a professional mediator then when the President asked me if I would take the role of Ombuds as we started considering a merger with another university.

How long have you been working as an ombuds, and how has your role evolved over time? Please also describe your current role and the type of work you focus on.

I have been an ombuds since 2016. My role evolved from being a mediator and an Adjunct faculty member teaching both undergraduate and graduate courses to being asked to launch an ombuds office for the school.

What helps you stay prepared and effective in your role?

Experience, age, and practice!



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Final Draft of the Standards of Practice and Compendium Available for Member Review

The International Ombuds Association (IOA) invites members to review the final draft of the revised Standards of Practice and the accompanying Compendium and provide feedback during this final comment period.

Member feedback is requested by July 16, 2026. Comments may be submitted through the Google Form or by email to Ellen Miller. The final draft of the Standards of Practice is available here.**The final draft of the Compendium, which provides additional guidance on the Standards of Practice, is available here.

About the Review Process

As part of IOA's commitment to continuous improvement, the Standards of Practice and Code of Ethics are reviewed every three to four years to address areas requiring clarification and identify potential gaps. The 2025 review was designated as a clarification review.

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Joint IOA/ABA Section of Dispute Resolution Taskforce Formed re: Next Steps Related to the Organizational Ombuds Practices Act


The International Ombuds Association (IOA) and the American Bar Association Section of Dispute Resolution Ombuds Committee are pleased to announce the formation of a joint taskforce focused on next steps related to the Organizational Ombuds Practices Act. 

On February 9, 2026, the American Bar Association (ABA) House of Delegates unanimously adopted Resolution 503, urging states to enact the Organizational Ombuds Practices Act. This effort has been in the works for about ten years, and we are indebted to the many contributors in both IOA and ABA for their diligent work ahead of and during its adoption. The Act marks an important milestone for the organizational ombuds field and reflects growing recognition of the importance of confidentiality, independence, impartiality, and informality in organizational ombuds practice.  The new Model Act creates enabling legislation for states to adopt and, in concert with IOA’s Standards of Practice, would create protections for Organizational Ombuds in the United States if adopted wholecloth. 

The newly formed IOA/ABA Joint Taskforce will focus on developing a proposed advocacy and lobbying strategy related to potential state-level adoption efforts. The taskforce’s work will include identifying practical considerations, assessing strategic opportunities, and developing resources to support thoughtful and informed future advocacy efforts.


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In Practice: Ombuds Dilemma #14 - Who Vouches for Me?

Dear In Practice,

I have served in my current ombuds role for almost seven years and I’ve decided it’s time for a change - either an ombuds role elsewhere or something entirely different. I’ve updated my resume and cover letter but I’m at a loss as I try to identify professional references who can speak to my work as an ombuds. This is my first ombuds role and I have many excellent references from prior professional roles.

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Advocacy Committee Update and a Call for Participation

The Advocacy Committee is currently developing two resources to help ombuds and their organizations navigate periods of transition effectively.

The first resource is a toolkit for organizational leaders who are managing changes in the ombuds role. It will outline options and best practices for using temporary or interim ombuds appointments to ensure continuity during transitions. This will be released soon and will be featured in “Hey IOA” and housed on the website.

The second resource is designed for ombuds who are navigating shifts in organizational leadership—and this is where we need your help!

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A Message from the IOA President

Part of IOA's current and continued strategic work is ensuring that “Ombuds have the capacity and tools to position themselves as essential contributors and trusted advisors in their organizations.” A lot of our work at the board and committee level has worked to equip our members in accurately and appropriately identifying our value and uniqueness for our visitors, organizations, and the broader world. We often accomplish this through our educational programming. 

With that in mind, I’ve been thinking a lot about our annual conference this year. For many in our community, the periodic virtual conference allows the opportunity to participate and connect in ways that they wouldn’t be able to, whether because of distance, funding, or circumstance. 

Throughout our keynotes, our concurrent sessions, and connecting in Gathertown, attendees were engaged with the thought leadership in our Zoom rooms. Those who were able to attend agree. A preliminary review of the conference feedback shows that people enjoyed the conference, even though, as a community, we have a preference for gathering together in person.

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New Editors Selected for JIOA

The IOA Board of Directors is pleased to announce the appointment of Brent Epperson, PhD, and Laura Armstrong, PhD, as co-editors of the Journal of the International Ombuds Association (JIOA). They succeed Shannon Lynn Burton, PhD, who served as editor-in-chief of the journal for more than 10 years.
 

Dr. Laura Armstrong and Dr. Brent Epperson are active ombuds practitioners, scholars, and long-standing members of the organizational ombuds community. Together, they bring complementary expertise that reflects JIOA’s commitment to rigorous, practice-informed scholarship in organizational ombuds work. Dr. Armstrong is a professor in the School of Counselling, Psychotherapy and Spirituality at Saint Paul University in Ottawa, Canada. Dr. Epperson is an assistant professor in the School of Conflict Studies and co-chair of the Center for Informal Dispute Resolution at the same institution. Dr. Epperson brings more than a decade of experience as an organizational ombuds across multiple sectors and jurisdictions, including higher education, professional associations, and international organizations. His work bridges practice and scholarship, with publications and conference presentations focused on ombuds practice, public administration and policy, and fairness in institutional governance. Dr. Armstrong’s work complements this foundation through her expertise in mental health, conflict coaching, program development, and applied research. Her scholarship includes more than 75 articles, books, chapters, workshops, and conference publications in psychology and, more recently, ombuds practice. She also brings expertise in mixed-methods research, quantitative measurement development, program and service evaluation, and knowledge mobilization methodologies.

In announcing the appointments, the IOA Board noted that the co-editorship reflects a deliberate pairing of expertise in ombuds practice, conflict coaching, interdisciplinary research, mental health, and organizational systems.

IOA would like to express our sincere gratitude to Shannon Lynn Burton, PhD, University Ombudsperson at Michigan State University, for her decade as editor of JOIA. Shannon's deep understanding of the field, insatiable curiosity, commitment to helping practitioners find voice in the research space, and calm yet visionary demeanor beautifully informed her direction as editor in chief. Shannon took the journal to another level - merging her skill as a quantitative researcher, avid reader, and mentor to many potential turned actual authors. Once she steps down at the end of May from the editor role, she will pursue other research projects in the field, including spearheading a new research symposium planned for the spring of 2027. 

Read the Press Release

Book Spotlight for Ombuds: Perspectives on Conflict: Insights for Professional and Personal Practice

By Julia Farmer
Director of Ombuds Services, University of West Georgia

As ombuds, we assist our visitors with all sorts of conflicts, which range from interpersonal to group and systemic issues. The dynamics embedded within every conflict are unique, as are the personalities of the individuals involved. In complex cases, individual dispositions toward conflict can play as much of a role in the dynamics as organizational systems and structures. For that reason, understanding and unpacking the contributing factors within these complex cases is often a time-consuming process.

This is where Kenneth H. Fox’s Perspectives on Conflict: Insights for Professional and Personal Practice (2026) may come in handy. For ombuds seeking to review the various frames through which one can view a conflict, or looking for insights to share with visitors when discussing options for next steps, this resource offers a helpful guide. At the end of each chapter and within the bibliography, the book includes a useful list of references for those seeking to explore any of the topics more in-depth.

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